Md Mominul Islam | Software and Data Enginnering | SQL Server, .NET, Power BI, Azure Blog

Introduction: Why Core Principles Are the Backbone of Software Architecture
SOLID Principles: The Foundation of Object-Oriented Design in C# 2.1 Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Focusing on One Task 2.2 Open-Closed Principle (OCP): Extending Without Altering 2.3 Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Ensuring Substitutability 2.4 Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Keeping Interfaces Lean 2.5 Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): Depending on Abstractions
DRY, KISS, YAGNI Principles: Embracing Simplicity and Efficiency 3.1 DRY Principle: Eliminating Duplication 3.2 KISS Principle: Simplifying Complexities 3.3 YAGNI Principle: Avoiding Over-Engineering
Separation of Concerns (SoC): Dividing Responsibilities for Clarity
Modularity, Reusability, and Maintainability: Building for the Long Haul 5.1 Modularity: Creating Independent Components 5.2 Reusability: Designing Code for Multiple Uses 5.3 Maintainability: Ensuring Easy Updates and Debugging
Scalability, Performance, and Reliability Considerations: Preparing for Real-World Demands 6.1 Scalability: Handling Growth Gracefully 6.2 Performance: Optimizing for Speed and Efficiency 6.3 Reliability: Building Systems That Don't Fail
Interconnections Between Principles: How They Work Together
Real-World Case Studies and Applications
Best Practices Summary and Tools for Implementation
Conclusion: Applying These Principles in Your Projects

Introduction: Why Core Principles Are the Backbone of Software Architecture

Welcome to Module 2 of the "Master Software Architecture: Complete Course Outline" series. If you're a developer diving into C#, ASP.NET Core, or SQL Server, or an experienced architect looking to refine your skills, this module is your gateway to understanding the core principles that make software systems robust, flexible, and efficient. Software architecture isn't just about stacking code—it's about creating structures that evolve with business needs, handle user growth, and minimize downtime.

Imagine building a house: You wouldn't mix plumbing with electrical wiring in one chaotic bundle. Similarly, principles like SOLID ensure your code is organized, while DRY, KISS, and YAGNI keep it lean. Separation of concerns acts like room divisions, modularity like prefabricated parts, and considerations for scalability, performance, and reliability ensure the house withstands storms and expansions.

In this user-friendly guide, we'll explore each principle with engaging real-life analogies—like comparing scalability to a busy highway or reliability to a bank's vault. We'll use realistic examples from e-commerce, healthcare, and finance apps built with ASP.NET Core and SQL Server. Expect detailed code snippets, best practices from industry leaders like Microsoft and Amazon, exception handling strategies to make your code resilient, pros and cons for balanced decision-making, and alternatives when a principle doesn't fit perfectly.

By the end, you'll have actionable insights to architect better software. Let's start with SOLID, the bedrock for object-oriented designs in C#.

SOLID Principles: The Foundation of Object-Oriented Design in C#

SOLID, acronymized by Robert C. Martin, stands for five principles that promote maintainable and extensible code. In C# and ASP.NET Core, these are essential for avoiding tightly coupled systems that break easily during updates or integrations with SQL Server databases. We'll break down each with explanations, analogies, examples, code, best practices, exceptions, pros/cons, and alternatives, including variations like async implementations.

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Focusing on One Task

SRP mandates that a class or module should have only one responsibility or reason to change. This prevents classes from becoming jacks-of-all-trades, which is common in beginner ASP.NET projects where controllers handle business logic, data access, and UI concerns.

Real-Life Analogy: Picture a smartphone app developer who also designs hardware, markets the product, and handles customer support—overwhelming and error-prone. SRP is like delegating: One team for software, another for marketing.

Realistic Example: In an ASP.NET Core e-commerce application for a retail store, an OrderProcessing class shouldn't validate payments, update SQL Server inventory, and send emails. Instead, split into dedicated services to allow independent evolution, such as updating payment gateways without affecting inventory logic.

Code Example - Violation in C# ASP.NET Core:

csharp

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

[ApiController]
[Route("api/orders")]
public class OrderController : ControllerBase
{
    [HttpPost]
    public IActionResult PlaceOrder(OrderModel model)
    {
        // Validation logic
        if (model == null || model.Items.Count == 0)
        {
            return BadRequest("Invalid order");
        }

        // Payment processing
        var paymentGateway = new PaymentGateway();
        paymentGateway.Charge(model.TotalAmount, model.CardDetails);

        // Inventory update with SQL Server
        using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Server=myServer;Database=myDB;Trusted_Connection=True;"))
        {
            conn.Open();
            foreach (var item in model.Items)
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("UPDATE Products SET Stock = Stock - @Qty WHERE Id = @Id", conn);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Qty", item.Quantity);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Id", item.ProductId);
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            }
        }

        // Email notification
        var emailService = new EmailService();
        emailService.Send("customer@example.com", "Order Placed", "Your order is confirmed.");

        return Ok("Order placed successfully");
    }
}

This controller violates SRP because it changes if payment APIs update, SQL schemas alter, or email templates change.

Refactored Code - Adhering to SRP (with Dependency Injection):

csharp

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

[ApiController]
[Route("api/orders")]
public class OrderController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly IOrderValidator _validator;
    private readonly IPaymentProcessor _paymentProcessor;
    private readonly IInventoryUpdater _inventoryUpdater;
    private readonly INotificationSender _notificationSender;

    public OrderController(IOrderValidator validator, IPaymentProcessor paymentProcessor, IInventoryUpdater inventoryUpdater, INotificationSender notificationSender)
    {
        _validator = validator;
        _paymentProcessor = paymentProcessor;
        _inventoryUpdater = inventoryUpdater;
        _notificationSender = notificationSender;
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<IActionResult> PlaceOrder(OrderModel model)
    {
        if (!_validator.Validate(model))
        {
            return BadRequest("Invalid order");
        }

        await _paymentProcessor.ProcessAsync(model.TotalAmount, model.CardDetails);
        await _inventoryUpdater.UpdateAsync(model.Items);
        await _notificationSender.SendAsync("customer@example.com", "Order Placed");

        return Ok("Order placed successfully");
    }
}

public interface IOrderValidator
{
    bool Validate(OrderModel model);
}

public class OrderValidator : IOrderValidator
{
    public bool Validate(OrderModel model)
    {
        return model != null && model.Items.Count > 0;
    }
}

public interface IPaymentProcessor
{
    Task ProcessAsync(decimal amount, CardDetails details);
}

public class PaymentProcessor : IPaymentProcessor
{
    public async Task ProcessAsync(decimal amount, CardDetails details)
    {
        // Integrate with Stripe or PayPal API
        await Task.Delay(100); // Simulate async call
    }
}

public interface IInventoryUpdater
{
    Task UpdateAsync(List<OrderItem> items);
}

public class InventoryUpdater : IInventoryUpdater
{
    private readonly string _connectionString;

    public InventoryUpdater(string connectionString)
    {
        _connectionString = connectionString;
    }

    public async Task UpdateAsync(List<OrderItem> items)
    {
        using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            await conn.OpenAsync();
            foreach (var item in items)
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("UPDATE Products SET Stock = Stock - @Qty WHERE Id = @Id", conn);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Qty", item.Quantity);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Id", item.ProductId);
                await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            }
        }
    }
}

public interface INotificationSender
{
    Task SendAsync(string to, string subject);
}

public class EmailNotificationSender : INotificationSender
{
    public async Task SendAsync(string to, string subject)
    {
        // Use SendGrid or SMTP
        await Task.Delay(50); // Simulate
    }
}

In Startup.cs or Program.cs, register services: builder.Services.AddTransient<IPaymentProcessor, PaymentProcessor>(); This uses ASP.NET Core DI for loose coupling.

Best Practices:

Apply SRP at all levels: Classes, methods, and even SQL stored procedures (e.g., one proc for updates, another for queries).
Use domain-driven design (DDD) in C# to identify bounded contexts for responsibilities.
In ASP.NET, keep controllers thin—delegate to services or mediators (e.g., MediatR library).
Regularly refactor using tools like ReSharper to detect bloated classes.
For SQL Server, use Entity Framework Core (EF Core) repositories to separate data access.

Exception Handling: Handle exceptions in the responsible class to keep others clean.

csharp

public class InventoryUpdater : IInventoryUpdater
{
    public async Task UpdateAsync(List<OrderItem> items)
    {
        try
        {
            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_connectionString))
            {
                await conn.OpenAsync();
                // Update logic
            }
        }
        catch (SqlException ex) when (ex.Number == 547) // Foreign key violation
        {
            throw new InventoryConstraintException("Invalid product ID", ex);
        }
        catch (SqlException ex)
        {
            throw new DatabaseAccessException("Failed to update inventory", ex);
        }
    }
}

Log with Serilog or NLog in ASP.NET, and catch in controllers for user-friendly responses.

Pros:

Easier unit testing with Moq for mocking interfaces.
Reduces merge conflicts in team environments using Git.
Improves readability and onboarding for new developers.

Cons:

Can result in more classes/files, complicating small projects.
Dependency injection overhead in simple console apps.
Risk of anemic domain models if over-split.

Alternatives:

Functional programming in C# with pure functions for single responsibilities (e.g., using LINQ and delegates).
In Blazor apps, use components with single concerns instead of monolithic pages.
For legacy .NET Framework, use adapter patterns to gradually introduce SRP without full rewrites.

Expanding on realism, in a healthcare ASP.NET app managing patient records, SRP prevents a PatientService from mixing HIPAA compliance checks, SQL queries, and UI mapping. This allows updating compliance rules independently, as seen in systems like Epic's electronic health records, where modular services reduce regulatory risks.

Another variation: Async SRP in high-traffic sites.

csharp

public class AsyncPaymentProcessor : IPaymentProcessor
{
    public async Task ProcessAsync(decimal amount, CardDetails details)
    {
        // Use HttpClient for async API calls
        using var client = new HttpClient();
        var response = await client.PostAsync("https://paymentgateway.com/charge", new StringContent(JsonSerializer.Serialize(details)));
        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
    }
}

This ensures non-blocking operations, integrating with SQL Server async methods for better throughput.

In finance apps, SRP helps with auditing—separate logging service for transactions. Best practice: Use Azure App Insights for monitoring individual services.

For interesting twist, consider how SRP influenced .NET 9's (as of 2025) minimal APIs, where handlers are inherently single-responsibility.

Open-Closed Principle (OCP): Extending Without Altering

OCP requires classes to be open for extension (new behavior) but closed for modification (no changes to source). In C#, achieve this with interfaces, abstract classes, and polymorphism.

Real-Life Analogy: A car's engine is closed for direct tweaks but open for extensions like adding a turbocharger via standard interfaces.

Realistic Example: In an ASP.NET Core blogging platform, add new authentication methods (e.g., OAuth, biometric) without modifying the core AuthManager class, ensuring backward compatibility.

Code Example - Violation:

csharp

public class AuthManager
{
    public void Authenticate(string type, UserCredentials creds)
    {
        if (type == "UsernamePassword")
        {
            // SQL query for user
        }
        else if (type == "OAuth")
        {
            // OAuth logic
        }
        // New type? Modify this method, risking bugs
    }
}

Refactored Code - Adhering to OCP:

csharp

public interface IAuthenticationProvider
{
    bool Authenticate(UserCredentials creds);
}

public class UsernamePasswordProvider : IAuthenticationProvider
{
    private readonly string _connectionString;

    public UsernamePasswordProvider(string connectionString)
    {
        _connectionString = connectionString;
    }

    public bool Authenticate(UserCredentials creds)
    {
        using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            conn.Open();
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Users WHERE Username = @User AND PasswordHash = @Hash", conn);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@User", creds.Username);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Hash", HashPassword(creds.Password));
            return (int)cmd.ExecuteScalar() > 0;
        }
    }

    private string HashPassword(string password)
    {
        // Use BCrypt or Argon2
        return password; // Simplified
    }
}

public class OAuthProvider : IAuthenticationProvider
{
    public bool Authenticate(UserCredentials creds)
    {
        // Call to Google/Microsoft API
        return true; // Simulated
    }
}

public class AuthManager
{
    private readonly IAuthenticationProvider _provider;

    public AuthManager(IAuthenticationProvider provider)
    {
        _provider = provider;
    }

    public bool Authenticate(UserCredentials creds)
    {
        return _provider.Authenticate(creds);
    }
}

// Extension: Add BiometricProvider
public class BiometricProvider : IAuthenticationProvider
{
    public bool Authenticate(UserCredentials creds)
    {
        // Integrate with device biometrics
        return true;
    }
}

Best Practices:

Use C# sealed classes to close modification while allowing extension via interfaces.
In ASP.NET, apply OCP to middleware pipelines for pluggable behaviors.
For SQL Server, extend stored procs with views or functions without altering originals.
Leverage patterns like Strategy or Factory for extensions.

Exception Handling: Providers handle their own exceptions.

csharp

public class UsernamePasswordProvider : IAuthenticationProvider
{
    public bool Authenticate(UserCredentials creds)
    {
        try
        {
            // SQL logic
        }
        catch (SqlException ex)
        {
            throw new AuthenticationException("Database error during auth", ex);
        }
    }
}

Manager can wrap for logging.

Pros:

Supports agile development—add features without downtime.
Enhances security by isolating extensions.
Facilitates A/B testing in ASP.NET apps.

Cons:

Abstract design requires foresight; poor abstractions lead to leaks.
Performance cost from virtual calls in tight loops.
Inheritance can create fragile base classes.

Alternatives:

Composition with decorators in C# for runtime extensions.
Configuration-driven behavior using appsettings.json in ASP.NET.
For microservices, use API versioning instead of OCP for extensions.

In a realistic logistics app using ASP.NET and SQL Server, OCP allows adding delivery providers (UPS, FedEx) without modifying core routing logic, as in Amazon's supply chain systems. This reduces deployment risks.

Variation for async:

csharp

public interface IAsyncAuthenticationProvider
{
    Task<bool> AuthenticateAsync(UserCredentials creds);
}

public class AsyncUsernamePasswordProvider : IAsyncAuthenticationProvider
{
    public async Task<bool> AuthenticateAsync(UserCredentials creds)
    {
        using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            await conn.OpenAsync();
            // Async query
        }
    }
}

Useful for high-concurrency sites.

Interesting fact: OCP has roots in Eiffel language, influencing C#'s evolution in .NET 9 with better pattern matching for extensions.

In enterprise finance, OCP helps comply with regulations by extending audit logs without core changes.

Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Ensuring Substitutability

LSP ensures subclasses can replace base classes without breaking functionality—behavior must be consistent.

Real-Life Analogy: If a base "PaymentCard" has Charge(), a subclass "GiftCard" shouldn't require additional PIN if base doesn't, or it breaks substitution in checkouts.

Realistic Example: In ASP.NET Core e-banking, a PremiumAccount subclass should substitute StandardAccount without altering transaction limits unexpectedly.

Code Example - Violation:

csharp

public class Account
{
    public virtual void Withdraw(decimal amount)
    {
        // Assume balance check
    }
}

public class SavingsAccount : Account
{
    public override void Withdraw(decimal amount)
    {
        if (amount > 1000) throw new Exception("Limit exceeded"); // Base has no limit
    }
}

public void ProcessWithdrawal(Account account, decimal amount)
{
    account.Withdraw(amount); // Fails unexpectedly for SavingsAccount
}

Refactored Code - Adhering to LSP:

csharp

public abstract class Account
{
    public abstract void Withdraw(decimal amount);
}

public class StandardAccount : Account
{
    public override void Withdraw(decimal amount)
    {
        // No limit
    }
}

public class LimitedAccount : Account
{
    public override void Withdraw(decimal amount)
    {
        if (amount > 1000) throw new WithdrawalLimitException("Limit exceeded");
        // Proceed
    }
}

public void ProcessWithdrawal(Account account, decimal amount)
{
    account.Withdraw(amount); // Define expectations in abstract
}

Use interfaces for behaviors.

Best Practices:

Strengthen post-conditions, weaken pre-conditions in subclasses.
Use C# generics with constraints for type-safe substitutions.
In ASP.NET, ensure EF Core entities substitute without query issues.

Exception Handling: Subclasses throw subsets or derived exceptions.

csharp

public class StandardAccount : Account
{
    public override void Withdraw(decimal amount)
    {
        try
        {
            // Logic
        }
        catch (InsufficientFundsException ex)
        {
            throw; // Same as base
        }
    }
}

Pros:

Promotes reliable polymorphism.
Reduces runtime errors in large systems.
Improves code reuse.

Cons:

Restricts subclass freedom.
Requires extensive testing (e.g., xUnit).
Can force redesigns.

Alternatives:

Favor interfaces over inheritance in C#.
Duck typing in dynamic contexts.
Trait-like behavior with extension methods.

In healthcare apps, LSP ensures diagnostic tools substitute without altering results, as in IBM Watson Health systems.

Async variation:

csharp

public abstract class AsyncAccount
{
    public abstract Task WithdrawAsync(decimal amount);
}

LSP in SQL Server: Views substituting tables in queries.

Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Keeping Interfaces Lean

ISP prefers multiple small interfaces over one large one, avoiding forced implementations.

Real-Life Analogy: A printer that only prints, not scans if not needed—don't force unused features.

Realistic Example: In ASP.NET API, separate IReadable and IWritable for repositories, allowing read-only access without write methods.

Code Example - Violation:

csharp

public interface IRepository
{
    void Add(Entity entity);
    void Update(Entity entity);
    Entity Get(int id);
    void Delete(int id);
}

public class ReadOnlyRepository : IRepository
{
    public void Add(Entity entity) { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
    // Similar for Update/Delete
    public Entity Get(int id) { /* Logic */ }
}

Refactored Code:

csharp

public interface IReadableRepository
{
    Entity Get(int id);
}

public interface IWritableRepository
{
    void Add(Entity entity);
    void Update(Entity entity);
    void Delete(int id);
}

public class FullRepository : IReadableRepository, IWritableRepository
{
    // Implement all
}

public class ReadOnlyRepository : IReadableRepository
{
    public Entity Get(int id) { /* SQL query */ }
}

Best Practices:

Role-based interfaces in C#.
In ASP.NET, segregate for security (e.g., read-only for guests).
Use EF Core for segregated DbSets.

Exception Handling: Interfaces declare common exceptions; implementations handle specifics.

Pros:

Lower coupling.
Easier evolution.
Better for SOLID compliance.

Cons:

More interfaces to manage.
IDE navigation overhead.

Alternatives:

C# 8+ default methods for optional.
Adapter classes.

In e-commerce, ISP for payment interfaces.

Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): Depending on Abstractions

DIP: High-level depend on abstractions, not concretes.

Real-Life Analogy: Appliances depend on outlet standards, not specific wires.

Realistic Example: ASP.NET service depends on ILogger, not ConsoleLogger—swap to file logging easily.

Code Example - Violation:

csharp

public class BusinessService
{
    private SqlLogger _logger = new SqlLogger();

    public void DoWork()
    {
        _logger.Log("Work done");
    }
}

Refactored:

csharp

public interface ILogger
{
    void Log(string message);
}

public class SqlLogger : ILogger
{
    public void Log(string message)
    {
        // SQL insert
    }
}

public class BusinessService
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;

    public BusinessService(ILogger logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public void DoWork()
    {
        _logger.Log("Work done");
    }
}

Best Practices:

ASP.NET DI container.
Abstract SQL connections.

Pros:

Flexible, testable.

Cons:

Boilerplate.

Alternatives:

Service locators.

DRY, KISS, YAGNI Principles: Embracing Simplicity and Efficiency

DRY Principle: Eliminating Duplication

DRY: Single source of truth.

Analogy: One recipe book reference.

Example: Shared validation in ASP.NET and SQL.

Code: Use helpers.

Best Practices: Extension methods.

Pros: Less bugs.

Cons: Over-general.

Alternatives: Intentional dupes for performance.

KISS Principle: Simplifying Complexities

KISS: Simple designs.

Analogy: Basic tools.

Example: Simple SQL over complex joins if possible.

Code: Basic loops vs. fancy LINQ.

Best Practices: Code reviews.

Pros: Fast dev.

Cons: Scalability limits.

Alternatives: Layered.

YAGNI Principle: Avoiding Over-Engineering

YAGNI: Only what you need.

Analogy: Minimal packing.

Example: No caching until needed.

Best Practices: MVP.

Pros: Speed.

Cons: Future costs.

Alternatives: Planning for critical.

Separation of Concerns (SoC): Dividing Responsibilities for Clarity

SoC: Separate layers.

Analogy: Kitchen zones.

Example: MVC in ASP.NET.

Code: Controllers, services, repos.

Best Practices: N-tier.

Pros: Testable.

Cons: Overhead.

Alternatives: Monoliths.

Modularity, Reusability, and Maintainability: Building for the Long Haul

Modularity: Creating Independent Components

Modularity: Plug-and-play.

Analogy: Modules in electronics.

Example: NuGet packages.

Code: Modular services.

Best Practices: Microservices.

Pros: Scale.

Cons: Complexity.

Alternatives: Monorepos.

Reusability: Designing Code for Multiple Uses

Reusability: Shareable.

Analogy: Reusable containers.

Example: Generic repositories.

Code: Generics in C#.

Best Practices: Open-source.

Pros: Efficiency.

Cons: Bloat.

Alternatives: Specific.

Maintainability: Ensuring Easy Updates and Debugging

Maintainability: Readable code.

Analogy: Clean code like clean room.

Example: Comments, naming.

Best Practices: Clean Code book principles.

Pros: Long-term savings.

Cons: Time.

Alternatives: Rewrite for small.

Scalability, Performance, and Reliability Considerations: Preparing for Real-World Demands

Scalability: Handling Growth Gracefully

Scalability: Grow without collapse.

Analogy: Expandable roads.

Example: Azure scaling for ASP.NET.

Code: Stateless sessions.

Best Practices: Load balancing.

Pros: Handles traffic.

Cons: Cost.

Alternatives: Vertical.

Performance: Optimizing for Speed and Efficiency

Performance: Fast execution.

Analogy: Tuned car.

Example: EF Core optimizations.

Code: Cached queries.

Best Practices: Profiling.

Pros: UX.

Cons: Premature.

Alternatives: Hardware.

Reliability: Building Systems That Don't Fail

Reliability: Consistent.

Analogy: Backup generators.

Example: SQL failover.

Code: Retries with Polly.

Best Practices: Monitoring.

Pros: Trust.

Cons: Redundancy cost.

Alternatives: Graceful fail.

Interconnections Between Principles: How They Work Together

SOLID supports SoC; DRY with KISS avoids complexity; YAGNI complements modularity.

Table of Interconnections:

Principle	Supports
SRP	SoC, Modularity
OCP	Reusability, Scalability
LSP	Reliability
ISP	Maintainability
DIP	Performance (easy swaps)
DRY	Maintainability
KISS	Performance
YAGNI	Scalability

Real-World Case Studies and Applications

Case 1: Microsoft's Teams – SOLID for extensible features, scalability with Azure.

Case 2: Netflix – DRY in shared libs, reliability with chaos engineering.

Case 3: Amazon – SoC in services, performance with caching.

More cases: Healthcare with HIPAA, finance with transactions, gaming with performance.

Best Practices Summary and Tools for Implementation

Tools: Visual Studio, ReSharper, SonarQube.
Practices: TDD, CI/CD with Azure DevOps.

Table:

Area	Tool	Practice
SOLID	Moq	DI
DRY	EF Core	Helpers
Scalability	Kubernetes	Stateless

Conclusion: Applying These Principles in Your Projects

Integrate these in daily coding for better architecture. Start with small projects, scale up. Share thoughts in comments!

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Friday, August 22, 2025

Module 2: Core Principles of Software Architecture - Mastering SOLID, DRY, KISS, YAGNI, and Essential Concepts with C# and ASP.NET Examples

Table of Contents

Introduction: Why Core Principles Are the Backbone of Software Architecture

SOLID Principles: The Foundation of Object-Oriented Design in C#

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Focusing on One Task

Open-Closed Principle (OCP): Extending Without Altering

Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Ensuring Substitutability

Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Keeping Interfaces Lean

Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): Depending on Abstractions

DRY, KISS, YAGNI Principles: Embracing Simplicity and Efficiency

DRY Principle: Eliminating Duplication

KISS Principle: Simplifying Complexities

YAGNI Principle: Avoiding Over-Engineering

Separation of Concerns (SoC): Dividing Responsibilities for Clarity

Modularity, Reusability, and Maintainability: Building for the Long Haul

Modularity: Creating Independent Components

Reusability: Designing Code for Multiple Uses

Maintainability: Ensuring Easy Updates and Debugging

Scalability, Performance, and Reliability Considerations: Preparing for Real-World Demands

Scalability: Handling Growth Gracefully

Performance: Optimizing for Speed and Efficiency

Reliability: Building Systems That Don't Fail

Interconnections Between Principles: How They Work Together

Real-World Case Studies and Applications

Best Practices Summary and Tools for Implementation

Conclusion: Applying These Principles in Your Projects

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